The World Simplified

The History of the Global Debt Economy

The History of the Global Debt Economy

|Dua Zafar
As I read more about this topic, I quickly came to realize that the first lending phenomenon occurred all the way back in Ancient Greece, around 450 BC.  What exactly...
What are the key global oil coordination mechanisms?

What are the key global oil coordination mechanisms?

|Dua Zafar
Oil remains central to global energy. OPEC coordinates supply stability, while OPEC+ extends cooperation to additional producers. Together, they shape global oil markets.
Routes as Value: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

Routes as Value: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

|Dua Zafar
China backs CPEC to shorten trade routes and reduce reliance on the Malacca Strait. Gwadar offers direct access to Gulf energy flows and strategic control over regional connectivity.
What is Artificial Intelligence?

What is Artificial Intelligence?

|Dua Zafar
So this paper is intentionally technical. I wanted to strip AI down to its mechanics. What is it mathematically? Where are its limits? What is substance and what is performance?...
Chinese Capital in Pakistan: Loan-to-Own or Structural Leverage

Chinese Capital in Pakistan: Loan-to-Own or Structural Leverage

|Dua Zafar
Chinese capital flows into Pakistan, primarily through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, are best analysed not through the narrow lens of asset seizure but through the mechanics of financial dependency and...
The Inchcape-Cupola Deal: Middle East’s first LBO

The Inchcape-Cupola Deal: Middle East’s first LBO

|Dua Zafar
Reading Icarus by Brian Brivati had opened a lot of contexts for me in terms of PE in the Middle East. As I attempt to remove all forms of biasness...